Qing Dynasty
HD13
Final imperial integration and modern collision
Qing Army Enters the Pass
The final great dynastic expansion across ethnic frontiers.
Three Feudatories Revolt
The decisive military-political victory consolidating Qing central rule over all Han China.
Signing of Treaty of Nerchinsk
The historic first boundary treaty negotiated under international legal concepts.
Pacification of Dzungar
The decisive western expedition that defined the western territorial map of modern China.
High Qing Era
The final peak of classical Chinese socioeconomic prosperity.
Treaty of Nanking
The painful modern collision and the dawn of national humiliation.
Anglo-French Expedition (Second Opium War)
The burning of the Old Summer Palace and the deepening of semi-colonial subjugation.
Taiping Rebellion
The massive civil rebellion that shattered the centralization of the late Qing.
Self-Strengthening Movement
The earliest state-sponsored industrial modernization and technical drive.
First Sino-Japanese War
The historical watershed exposing the limits of self-strengthening and igniting reform and revolution.
Abdication of Puyi
The historical transition ending imperial rule to usher in the republican era.
Xinhai Revolution
The great revolution overthrowing two-thousand-year imperial rule and founding Asia's first republic.