[Why] The six states had used divergent scripts, weights, currencies, and cart-axle widths, severely obstructing imperial governance and inter-regional trade. Empire-wide standardization was an urgent administrative need. [What] Qin Shi Huang ordered Li Si to standardize the national script as Small Seal and abolish variant forms. He further introduced the round-with-square-hole Qin half-tael coin, unified weights and measures, and standardized cart-axle widths across all roads. [Who] Qin Shi Huang drove the standardization with relentless administrative force. Chancellor Li Si was the master architect of the regularized Chinese script, his own Small Seal calligraphy supplying the canonical font. [How] The standardization dismantled regional barriers and forged the tenacious cohesion and cultural identity of the Chinese nation across millennia. It is the most enduring cultural legacy of the unified Qin empire.
Why
The historic event of Standardization of Systems represents a key developmental peak of the Huaxia dynastic system. The permanent institutional standard that shaped Chinese cultural unity. By establishing this moral or administrative benchmark, it continues to shape the structural and philosophical fabric of ancient Chinese statecraft.