[Why] After Northern Song founded itself at Kaifeng, it faced surrounding regional regimes lined up in defense. Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin formulated the south-first-then-north strategy and resolved to first clear the wealthy southern fragmentation. [What] Song dispatched two routes of forces to clamber over the perilous Qinling plank roads in a great Shu campaign. The Later Shu court was corrupt and foolish, garrison soldiers had no will to fight, and the last Shu emperor Meng Chang surrendered the city. Song successfully recovered the Sichuan basin. [Who] Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin was a great strategic emperor of supreme grand vision. The last Shu emperor Meng Chang was a partial-state-enjoying surrender king of literary talent but extreme lack of military resolve. [How] The surrender of Later Shu is a milestone step in Northern Song's strategy of pacifying the southern fragmentation, seizing the granary of the realm. It accumulated huge fiscal funds for Northern Song to launch the next unification campaign.
Why
The historic event of Conquest of Later Shu by Song represents a key developmental peak of the Huaxia dynastic system. A major military milestone in Song's campaign to reunify Southern regional regimes. By establishing this moral or administrative benchmark, it continues to shape the structural and philosophical fabric of ancient Chinese statecraft.