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Sun Zhongshan

Physician from Xiangshan in Guangdong who founded the Revive China Society and the Tongmenghui and became provisional president of the Republic of China in 1912

Also known as Ming Wen · Zi Zaizhi · Hao Yixian

Sun Zhongshan, personal name Wen, courtesy name Zaizhi, styled Yixian (Sun Yat-sen), was born in Cuiheng village, Xiangshan county, Guangdong; Zhongshan comes from an alias he used in Japan. Educated in Honolulu and Hong Kong, he graduated from the Hong Kong College of Medicine in 1892. In 1894 he founded the Revive China Society in Honolulu; after a failed rising in Guangzhou he went into exile, and in 1896 he was detained in the Qing legation in London. In 1905 he formed the Tongmenghui in Tokyo and, in its journal Minbao, set out the three principles of nationalism, democracy and the people's livelihood. After the Wuchang uprising he took office in Nanjing on 1 January 1912 as provisional president of the Republic of China, soon yielding the post to Yuan Shikai. He later headed a constitution-protection government in Guangzhou and in 1924 reorganized the Nationalist Party and founded the Whampoa Military Academy. He died in Beijing on 12 March 1925 and was buried on Purple Mountain, Nanjing, in 1929.

Life and times

  1. 1866 CEBornQingRepublican Era
  2. 1911Xinhai RevolutionTook partage 45The Wuchang uprising triggered provincial secessions, rapidly collapsing Qing rule and leading to the establishment of a provisional republic at Nanjing.
    1. 1911 Xinhai RevolutionWuchang Uprising Overthrowing Two Millennia of Imperial Monarchy
  3. 1925 CEDied

Works

  1. Literature · Prose12
    1. The Leader's Will (Sun Yat-sen's Political Testament)QingSun Zhongshan's political testament, drafted by Wang Jingwei and signed on his deathbed in 1925
    2. Three Principles of the PeopleQingSun Zhongshan's 1924 Guangzhou lectures on nationalism, democracy and the people's livelihood
    3. The Plan for National ReconstructionQingSun Zhongshan's 1917–1920 national programme in three parts: psychological, material and social
    4. Three Principles of the People: Preface to the Separate Edition of NationalismQing
    5. Three Principles of the People: Nationalism (Lectures 1–6)Qing
    6. +7 more
      1. Three Principles of the People: Democracy (Lectures 1–6)Qing
      2. Three Principles of the People: The People's Livelihood (Lectures 1–4)Qing
      3. Three Principles of the People: Preface to the Separate Edition of NationalismQing
      4. The Plan for National Reconstruction: Psychological ReconstructionQing
      5. The Plan for National Reconstruction: Material ReconstructionQing
      6. The Plan for National Reconstruction: Social ReconstructionQing
      7. The Plan for National Reconstruction: Psychological Reconstruction: Author's PrefaceQing
  2. Literature · Sayings6
    1. Pressing Ever Forward Without RetreatQingIdiom from Sun Yat-sen's Plans for National Reconstruction: pressing on without retreat
    2. Many Mouths Can Melt MetalQingIdiom from the Discourses of the States, used by Sun Yat-sen of doubts that misled his comrades
    3. Winning Hearts Is the Highest StrategyQingIdiom from Ma Su's advice to Zhuge Liang, used by Sun Yat-sen: conquer the mind first
    4. Withered Wood and Cold Dead AshesQingIdiom used by Sun Yat-sen in his Plan for National Reconstruction: a will turned to dead ash
    5. Unbowed After a Hundred Setbacks: Sun Yat-sen's PrefaceQingIdiom in Sun Yat-sen's preface to Psychological Reconstruction: unbowed by every setback
    6. +1 more
      1. The Revolution Has Not Yet Succeeded: Sun Yat-sen's Last ChargeQingLine from Sun Yat-sen's will: the cause is unfinished, so strive on

Connections

  1. Shared events2
    1. Huang Xing1874 CE–1916 CE
    2. Li Yuanhongc. 1864 CE–1928 CE

Records

Lectured on the Three Principles and wrote the Jianguo fanglue

January to August 1924

From January 27 to August 24, 1924, Sun Yat-sen gave a series of lectures on the Three Principles of the People in the auditorium of the Guangdong Higher Normal School, covering nationalism, democracy and people's livelihood. His Jianguo fanglue is divided into three parts: psychological reconstruction, material reconstruction and social reconstruction.

References (1)