Writers › Writer / Poet

Li Ruzhen

Qing novelist and phonologist whose Flowers in the Mirror uses fantastic overseas lands for satire.

Also known as Zi Songshi · Hao Songshi Daoren

Li Ruzhen, courtesy name Songshi, from Daxing in Zhili, lived as a young man with his brother in Haizhou, Jiangsu, studied under Ling Tingkan, and became an expert phonologist, writing the Li Shi Yinjian. His official career was modest, including a post as assistant county magistrate in Henan. In later life he completed the 100-chapter novel Flowers in the Mirror, which uses Tang Ao's voyages through strange overseas lands to satirize society and champion women's learning; the phrase 'a hundred flowers bloom together' comes from its episode of Empress Wu commanding all flowers to blossom.

Life and times

Dates c. 1763 CE–c. 1830 CE

EraQing