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Gao Hong

Wanli-era Ming poet whose Gushan Xingyin, with its line on hua'er heard drifting across the fields, is the earliest known written record of northwestern hua'er song.

Gao Hong was a Ming poet active in the Wanli reign; little else is known of his life. His poem Gushan Xingyin describes farmers and village women hoeing the fields around Gushan (now Gushan Town in Minhe, Qinghai, a Ming post station) with song carried on the wind. Its line about hua'er heard drifting on and off is regarded as the earliest record of the name hua'er and of the custom of singing it in the open, and is often cited with Qing poet Wu Zhen's verses to show that hua'er was already popular in the Hehuang region in Ming and Qing times.

Life and times

Dates Dates unknown; active in the Wanli reign (1573–1620)

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