Flourishing of Yuan Drama (Zaju)

Yuan qu was the period's flourishing dramatic art, encompassing sanqu songs and zaju drama and later distinguished as a northern tradition from southern forms.

XiaShangZhouHanThree KingdomsJinNorthern and SouthernTangTen KingdomsSongYuanMingQing
Flourishing of Yuan Drama (Zaju) · 1260 CE - 1320 CE
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Cause & Context

With the suspension of civil service examinations in the early Yuan, literati immersed themselves in urban popular culture, collaborating with theatrical troupes to express social critiques.

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Epochal Overview

Centered in Dadu, Yuan Zaju drama flourished: wrote *The Injustice to Dou E*, authored *Romance of the Western Chamber*, and composed *Autumn in the Han Palace*.

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Civilizational Impact

Yuan Zaju stands alongside Tang poetry and Song Ci as a crowning summit of classical Chinese literature, inaugurating the flourishing era of Chinese theatrical performance art.

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Key Figures

The Four Great Yuan Dramatists—, , , and —championed dramatic realism and moral courage.