Ming Dynasty
HD12 (1368~1644)
Maritime expeditions and commercial restoration
Founding of Ming
HE99 (1367 ~ 1368)A rare rise from complete destitution to imperial majesty.
Abolition of the Chancellorship
HE100 (1380)Establishing absolute imperial autocracy by centralizing administrative control.
Jingnan Campaign
HE101 (1399 ~ 1402)The shift of the imperial center of gravity to Beijing.
Construction of the Forbidden City
HE103 (1406 ~ 1420)Anchoring Beijing's eternal capital status and the supreme paradigm of Chinese architecture.
Zheng He's Voyages
HE102 (1405 ~ 1433)The legendary peak of pre-modern peaceful maritime expansion.
Tumu Crisis
HE104 (1449)A sudden structural check on Ming military overexpansion.
Wang Yangming's Mind-Learning
HE105 (1508)Breaking the Cheng-Zhu monopoly and opening East Asian intellectual liberation.
Qi Jiguang Defeating the Wokou
HE106 (1550 ~ 1568)The peak of tactical innovation securing imperial maritime coastal defense.
Grand Reforms of Zhang Juzheng
HE107 (1572 ~ 1582)The major fiscal reform integrating global silver into the imperial tax network.
Fall of Ming and Suicide of Chongzhen
HE108 (1644)The tragic end of the Ming under combined pressure of famine, finance, and warfare.