Qing Dynasty
HD13 (1636~1912)
Final imperial integration and modern collision
Qing Army Enters the Pass
The final great dynastic expansion across ethnic frontiers.
Three Feudatories Revolt
The decisive military-political victory consolidating Qing central rule over all Han China.
Treaty of Nerchinsk
The historic first boundary treaty negotiated under international legal concepts.
Pacification of Dzungar
The decisive western expedition that defined the western territorial map of modern China.
High Qing Era
The final peak of classical Chinese socioeconomic prosperity.
Treaty of Nanking
The painful modern collision and the dawn of national humiliation.
Second Opium War
The burning of the Old Summer Palace and the deepening of semi-colonial subjugation.
Taiping Rebellion
The massive civil rebellion that shattered the centralization of the late Qing.
Self-Strengthening Movement
The earliest state-sponsored industrial modernization and technical drive.
First Sino-Japanese War
The historical watershed exposing the limits of self-strengthening and igniting reform and revolution.
Abdication of Puyi
The historical transition ending imperial rule to usher in the republican era.
Xinhai Revolution
The great revolution overthrowing two-thousand-year imperial rule and founding Asia's first republic.
Qing Army Enters the Pass
HE109 (1644)The final great dynastic expansion across ethnic frontiers.
Three Feudatories Revolt
HE110 (1673 ~ 1681)The decisive military-political victory consolidating Qing central rule over all Han China.
Treaty of Nerchinsk
HE112 (1689)The historic first boundary treaty negotiated under international legal concepts.
Pacification of Dzungar
HE113 (1755 ~ 1759)The decisive western expedition that defined the western territorial map of modern China.
High Qing Era
HE111 (1681 ~ 1796)The final peak of classical Chinese socioeconomic prosperity.
Treaty of Nanking
HE114 (1842)The painful modern collision and the dawn of national humiliation.
Second Opium War
HE116 (1856 ~ 1860)The burning of the Old Summer Palace and the deepening of semi-colonial subjugation.
Taiping Rebellion
HE115 (1851 ~ 1864)The massive civil rebellion that shattered the centralization of the late Qing.
Self-Strengthening Movement
HE117 (1861 ~ 1895)The earliest state-sponsored industrial modernization and technical drive.
First Sino-Japanese War
HE118 (1894 ~ 1895)The historical watershed exposing the limits of self-strengthening and igniting reform and revolution.
Abdication of Puyi
HE120 (1912)The historical transition ending imperial rule to usher in the republican era.
Xinhai Revolution
HE119 (1911)The great revolution overthrowing two-thousand-year imperial rule and founding Asia's first republic.