Song Era
HD10 (960~1279)
Commercial revolution and neo-Confucian scholarship
Chenqiao Mutiny
HE80 (960)Ending decades of military usurpations through bloodless transition.
Cup of Wine to Relinquish Military Power
HE81 (961)Establishing the classic civilian-led governance model of the Song Dynasty.
Treaty of Chanyuan
HE82 (1005)The first treaty establishing equal status and trade boundaries with a northern power.
Qingli Reforms of Fan Zhongyan
HE84 (1043 ~ 1045)The pioneering political and administrative reform drive by neo-Confucian scholars.
Bi Sheng's Movable Type
HE83 (1040)The revolutionary breakthrough in knowledge transmission predating Gutenberg by four centuries.
Wang Anshi's Reforms
HE85 (1069 ~ 1085)The earliest comprehensive state-directed economic modernization drive.
Jingkang Incident
HE86 (1127)The tragic fall of the Northern Song and rebirth at Hangzhou.
Southward Migration and Rebirth of Southern Song
HE87 (1127)The definitive shift of Chinese cultural and economic centers to the south.
Yue Fei's Campaigns
HE88 (1130 ~ 1141)The ultimate symbol of national defense and military dedication.
Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism
HE89 (1175)The official ideology that shaped East Asian intellectual elite's spiritual world for seven centuries.
Joint Song-Mongol Campaign against Jin
HE90 (1234)The high-stakes diplomatic move that brought Song into direct contact with Mongol power.
Battle of Yamen
HE91 (1279)The tragic and heroic final stand of classic Chinese resistance.