Writers › Writer / Poet

Du Fu

Tang poet who lived through the An Lushan rebellion, served briefly as Reminder of the Left, and whose war-years verse was called a history in poetry

Also known as Zi Zimei · Hao Shao Ling Ye Lao · Du Gongbu · Shi Sheng

Du Fu, courtesy name Zimei, called himself the Rustic Elder of Shaoling; his family came from Xiangyang, but he was born in Gong county, Henan, a grandson of the poet Du Shenyan. In 751 he presented three rhapsodies on state rites, and Emperor Xuanzong had him await appointment at the Academy of Scholarly Worthies. During the An Lushan rebellion he escaped in 757 to the emperor's temporary court at Fengxiang and was made Reminder of the Left, but his defense of the minister Fang Guan cost him favor, and he was sent out to Huazhou, where the 'Three Officers' and 'Three Partings' poems soon followed. In 759 he resigned and travelled through Qinzhou and Tonggu to Chengdu, building his thatched cottage there; the governor Yan Wu later secured him the nominal post of vice-director in the Ministry of Works. He died in 770 on a boat on the Xiang River. Meng Qi's *Poems with Their Stories* (*Benshi shi*) records that his contemporaries already called his verse a history in poetry.

Life and times

  1. 712 CEBornTang
  2. 770 CEDied

Works

  1. Literature · Poetry40
    1. Spring ViewTangDu Fu's five-character regulated verse from occupied Chang'an during the An Lushan Rebellion
    2. The Bailiff at ShihaoTangOne of Du Fu's Three Officers poems: night-time press-ganging during the An Lushan war
    3. Gazing on Mount TaiTangYoung Du Fu's poem on Mount Tai, written while roaming Qi and Lu, eager to reach the summit
    4. Song of My Thatched Cottage Wrecked by Autumn GaleTangDu Fu's song from his Chengdu cottage, moving from his own storm-wrecked roof to all the poor
    5. Climbing HighTangDu Fu's late regulated verse at Kuizhou, Hu Yinglin's pick as the finest seven-character lüshi
    6. +25 more
      1. Hearing That the Imperial Army Has Recovered Henan and HebeiTangDu Fu's regulated verse of joy in exile at Zizhou on hearing the An Lushan rebellion was over
      2. Ballad of the Army CartsTangDu Fu's new-titled yuefu, a conscript's account of families wailing as the army marches out
      3. Welcoming Rain on a Spring NightTangDu Fu's Chengdu regulated verse on a timely spring rain falling softly through the night
      4. The Chancellor of ShuTangDu Fu's regulated verse at Zhuge Liang's shrine in Chengdu, mourning his unfinished task
      5. Ballad of the Fair LadiesTangDu Fu's ballad of a spring outing by the Qujiang, mocking the power and luxury of the Yang clan
      6. For Wei Ba, a Scholar Living in RetirementTangDu Fu meets an old friend after twenty years of war and change, and shares one night of wine
      7. The Beauty in the Empty ValleyTangDu Fu's portrait of a well-born woman, abandoned after the rebellion, who keeps her dignity
      8. The Eightfold Battle ArrayTangDu Fu at Kuizhou, before Zhuge Liang's stone battle array, on achievement and lasting regret
      9. In the Second Year of Zhide I Left the Capital by the Jinguang Gate and Took a Byway to Fengxiang; Early in Qianyuan, Moved from Reminder of the Left to an Aide's Post in Huazhou, I Took Leave of Kin and Friends and Went Out by This Gate Again, Grieving for the PastTangDu Fu, demoted, leaves the capital by the gate he once slipped out of, and grieves for the past
      10. Night Duty in the Chancellery in SpringTangDu Fu on spring night duty at the palace, sleepless over the sealed memorial due at dawn
      11. Written on the Wall of Chan Master Xuanwu's DwellingTangDu Fu writes on a monk's painted wall, its landscape drawing him after the great masters of old
      12. Climbing the City Tower of YanzhouTangDu Fu, visiting his father, climbs the Yanzhou wall and broods over the relics of Qin and Lu
      13. The Jade Terrace AbbeyTangDu Fu visits a Daoist abbey built by a prince, telling its old splendour through immortal lore
      14. Viewing the Landscape Painting Li Gu Requested of His Brother the AdjutantTangDu Fu, before a painted landscape, longs for the immortal isles but cannot leave the world
      15. Thoughts Written While Travelling at NightTangDu Fu adrift on the river in old age, seeing himself as a lone gull between heaven and earth
      16. Climbing Yueyang TowerTangOld and ill, Du Fu climbs Yueyang Tower, and the vast lake turns to grief for a war-torn land
      17. Miscellaneous Poems from Qinzhou, No. 19TangDu Fu at Qinzhou, troubled by war on the north-west frontier and longing for a great general
      18. The Temple of YuTangDu Fu visits Yu's temple on an autumn evening and recalls how the Great Yu tamed the floods
      19. At Fengji Station, Seeing Off Lord Yan Once More: Four RhymesTangDu Fu sees Yan Wu off again at Fengji Station, then turns home alone to his river village
      20. Leaving the Grave of Grand Commandant FangTangOn the road again, Du Fu halts his horse to take leave of a friend's lonely grave
      21. Remembering My Brothers on a Moonlit NightTangDu Fu, amid war drums, longs for brothers scattered by war, with letters that never arrive
      22. Thinking of Li Bai from the Edge of the SkyTangDu Fu thinks of Li Bai in autumn, angry that genius and good fortune so rarely meet
      23. Moonlit NightTangDu Fu under the moon imagines his wife in Fuzhou watching it alone and longing for him
      24. Meeting Li Guinian in JiangnanTangDu Fu meets the court musician Li Guinian again in the south, a lost age left unspoken
      25. River VillageTangDu Fu writes of a quiet summer in a river village, his family content with simple pleasures
    7. Open all works→
  2. Literature · Sayings22
    1. White Clouds Turn into Grey DogsTangIdiom from Du Fu's poem Ke Tan: the world as changeable as passing clouds
    2. A Letter from Home Is Worth Ten Thousand in GoldTangIdiom from Du Fu's Spring View: in hard times, a letter from home is priceless
    3. Three Visits Pressing for a Plan for the RealmTangLine from Du Fu's The Chancellor of Shu: Liu Bei's three visits seek a plan for the realm
    4. The Endless Yangtze Rolling OnTangLine from Du Fu's Climbing High: the endless river rolls on beneath falling leaves
    5. Founding and Sustaining Two Reigns With a Veteran's HeartTangLine from Du Fu's The Chancellor of Shu: Zhuge Liang's loyal service through two reigns
    6. +17 more
      1. A Thousand Villages and Ten Thousand Hamlets OvergrownTangIdiom from Du Fu's Ballad of the Army Carts: countless villages left to weeds by war
      2. Good Rain Knows When to FallTangAphorism from Du Fu's Happy Rain on a Spring Night: good things arriving just in time
      3. Boundless Falling Leaves Rustling DownTangFamous line from Du Fu's Climbing High: endless leaves rustling down in late autumn
      4. The Dead Are Gone Forever at ShihaoTangFamous line from Du Fu's The Officer at Shihao: the dead are gone, the living barely survive
      5. Rolling Up the Books in Wild DelightTangFamous line from Du Fu's poem on the recovery of Henan and Hebei: too overjoyed to read
      6. Clutching Coats and Stamping Feet at Xianyang BridgeTangFamous line from Du Fu's Ballad of the Army Carts: families' anguish as conscripts depart
      7. A Lifetime of Illness, Climbing the Heights AloneTangFamous line from Du Fu's Climbing the Heights: a sick old wanderer's lament
      8. With Spring as Companion on the Road HomeTangFamous line from Du Fu on hearing of victory: going home with spring for company
      9. From Mount Tai's Summit All Other Peaks Look SmallTangFamous line from Du Fu's Gazing at the Mountain: from the top, all other peaks look small
      10. Dying Before the Campaign Could Triumph: Du Fu on Zhuge LiangTangFamous line from Du Fu's The Shu Chancellor: Zhuge Liang died before victory came
      11. The Realm Lies Broken, Yet Hills and Rivers EndureTangFamous line from Du Fu's Spring View: a ruined state amid unchanging mountains and rivers
      12. Shelter for All the Poor Scholars Under HeavenTangFamous line from Du Fu's Thatched Hut Torn by the Autumn Wind: shelter for all the poor
      13. Steady as a Mountain Through Wind and RainTangFamous line from Du Fu's Thatched Hut poem: halls that stand firm as mountains
      14. If Only There Were Ten Million Spacious HallsTangFamous line from Du Fu's Thatched Hut poem: a dream of homes for all the poor
      15. Grieving the Times, Tears Fall on the FlowersTangFamous line from Du Fu's Spring View: in such times even flowers bring tears
      16. Spring Rain Moistening All Things Without a SoundTangFamous line from Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night: quiet, gradual influence
      17. Light and Shade Split Dusk from DawnTangFamous line from Du Fu's Gazing at the Mountain: Mount Tai so tall it divides light from dark

Family tree

  1. Direct kin
    Du Fu
    Grandfather