Writers › Writer / Poet
Cao Zhi
Cao Wei poet and prince, younger brother of Cao Pi, who lost the succession, was shifted from fief to fief and wrote the Rhapsody on the Goddess of the Luo
Mural of Seven Steps Poem, a work by this person.
A young prince paces the palace floor as he composes, while a pot of beans simmers over burning stalks and the emperor watches. The scene binds quick wit to a painful family demand.
Also known as Zi Zijian
- Roles
- Writer / Poet
Cao Zhi, courtesy name Zijian, was a son of Cao Cao by Lady Bian and a full younger brother of Cao Pi; by his early teens he could recite vast amounts of poetry and rhapsody. Made Marquis of Linzi in 214, he was for a time his father's preferred heir, but lost favor through heavy drinking and willful conduct, including driving out through the Sima Gate without leave. After Cao Pi took the throne, Cao Zhi was repeatedly demoted and moved between fiefs under the watch of court supervisors, and the preface to his *Rhapsody on the Goddess of the Luo* (*Luoshen fu*) dates it to 222. Under Emperor Ming he petitioned again and again to be given a real task, without success. In 232 he was made Prince of Chen and died the same year with the posthumous name Si, hence the title Prince Si of Chen. Zhong Rong's *Grades of Poets* (*Shipin*) placed him in the top rank, praising the strength and richness of his verse.
Life and times
- 192 CEBorn
Han
Three Kingdoms
- 204Legend of the Luo Goddess
Took partage 12Lady Zhen entered the Cao Wei court celebrated for peerless grace, inspiring Cao Zhi's timeless Rhapsody on the Goddess of Luo.
- Cao Zhi Composes Rhapsody of Luo
222age 30In 222, Cao Zhi crossed the Luo River and composed his rhapsody on Fufei; the Lady Zhen identification is a later tradition.
- Cao Zhi's Farewell to Cao Biao
223age 31During a court visit to Luoyang, Cao Zhang died suddenly; barred from travelling home with the Prince of Baima, Cao Zhi wrote him a farewell poem.
- Cao Zhi Composes Rhapsody of Luo
- 232 CEDied
Works
Literature · Sayings11
- Looking Left and RightThree KingdomsIdiom from a Cao Zhi letter: first self-satisfied glances, later hesitant looking about
- Light as a Startled SwanThree KingdomsIdiom from Cao Zhi's Rhapsody on the Goddess of the Luo River: light and graceful as a swan
- A Poem Composed Within Seven PacesThree KingdomsIdiom from A New Account of Tales of the World: Cao Zhi composes a poem in seven steps
- Graceful as a Swimming DragonThree KingdomsAphorism from Cao Zhi's Rhapsody on the Goddess of the Luo: grace like a swimming dragon
- Aspirations Spanning the Four SeasThree KingdomsIdiom echoing Cao Zhi's poem for the Prince of Baima: aims as wide as the world
+6 more
- Burning Bean Stalks to Boil the BeansThree KingdomsIdiom from Cao Zhi's Seven-Step Poem: brothers born of one root destroying each other
- Born of One Root, Why Torment Each Other SoThree KingdomsIdiom from Cao Zhi's Seven-Step Poem: why should those of one root torment each other
- Grown from the Same RootThree KingdomsFamous line from the Seven Steps Poem: kin from one root should not destroy each other
- Laying Down One's Life in the Nation's Hour of PerilThree KingdomsFamous line from Cao Zhi's The White Horse, on a young warrior who gives his life for his land
- A Beauty Both Lovely and SereneThree KingdomsFamous line from Cao Zhi's The Beauty: a lovely woman standing for unused talent
- Kindred Spirits on a Shared PathThree KingdomsIdiom traced to Cao Zhi's memorial in the Records of the Three Kingdoms: one aim, one path
Literature · Poetry8
- Seven Steps PoemThree KingdomsPoem Cao Zhi reputedly made in seven paces on Cao Pi's order: beans boiled on their stalks
- The White HorseThree KingdomsCao Zhi's yuefu of a young knight-errant of the northern frontier, ready to die for his country
- The Fair MaidenThree KingdomsCao Zhi's yuefu of a fair mulberry picker with no worthy suitor, a figure for his own neglect
- To Biao, King of BaimaThree KingdomsCao Zhi's long poem of 223 to his brother Cao Biao, forced apart on the road home from court
- Five Miscellaneous Poems · The Bright Moon Shines on the High TowerThree KingdomsFive poems by Cao Zhi of lonely wives, a far traveller and a southern beauty
+3 more
- Planting KudzuThree KingdomsCao Zhi speaks as a wife cast aside, starting from kudzu planted below the southern hill
- Drifting DuckweedThree KingdomsCao Zhi likens a slighted wife to drifting duckweed, still hoping her husband's love returns
- Poem of a Cast-Off WifeThree KingdomsA childless wife facing dismissal, like a pomegranate that flowers but bears no fruit
Literature · Rhapsodies2
- Rhapsody on the Goddess of the Luo RiverThree KingdomsCao Zhi's rhapsody of a dreamlike meeting and parting with the goddess of the Luo River
- Rhapsody on Secluded LongingThree KingdomsCao Zhi's short rhapsody of climbing a terrace at year's end, his troubled heart beyond words
Literature · Prose1
- Letter to Yang DezuThree KingdomsCao Zhi's letter to Yang Xiu on literary rivalry and his wish for deeds before literary fame
Family tree
- Direct kin