Hai Shan

Also known as Yuan Wuzong · Qu Luhan

Khaishan, eldest son of Darmabala and a great-grandson of Kublai, was born in 1281. From 1299 he commanded the armies on the Mongolian frontier, routing Qaidu's forces in 1301, and he was made Prince of Huaining in 1304. When Emperor Chengzong died in 1307, his younger brother Ayurbarwada and the chief councillor Harghasun struck first in Dadu against Empress Bulughan and Prince Ananda; Khaishan marched south with his army, was enthroned at Shangdu in the fifth month, and named his brother heir apparent. That autumn he gave Confucius the expanded title Great Perfect Sage and Exalted King of Culture, and from the next year he reigned as Zhida. In 1309 he revived the Department of State Affairs to raise revenue and issued new Zhida silver notes, while lavish gifts to the princes emptied the treasury. He died early in 1311 at twenty-nine, with the temple name Wuzong and the Mongol title Kuluk Khan.