Ministers › Remonstrators

Hai Rui

Ming official from Hainan who rebuked the Jiajing emperor in a memorial written with his coffin ready and later curbed the great landowners as governor of Yingtian

Also known as Zi Ruxian · Hao Gangfeng

Hai Rui, styled Ruxian and Gangfeng, came from Qiongshan on Hainan and passed the provincial examination in 1549. As magistrate of Chun'an he punished the travelling son of the commander Hu Zongxian. In 1566, as a secretary in the Board of Revenue, he submitted a memorial accusing the Jiajing emperor of neglecting the court for twenty years in pursuit of Daoist immortality; having first bought a coffin and bid his family farewell, and stayed in jail until the emperor died. As governor of Yingtian from 1569 he curbed the great families, showed no favour to the household of the retired grand secretary Xu Jie, and had the Wusong and Baimao rivers dredged. The History of Ming says he enforced land surveys and the single-whip tax wherever he served. Recalled in 1585 after years out of office, he died in office at Nanjing in 1587, receiving the posthumous name Zhongjie. Wang Yongji, visiting his lodging, found only hemp curtains and battered baskets that a poor student would scorn.

Life and times

  1. 1514 CEBornMing
  2. 1581Single Whip Law ReformTook partage 67Consolidating taxes and corvee into unified silver payments, fueling global silver monetization.
  3. 1587 CEDied

Works

  1. Literature · Prose13
    1. Memorial on Order and SecurityMingHai Rui's 1566 memorial accusing the Jiajing Emperor of neglecting rule for Daoist rites
    2. Collected Works of Hai RuiMingHai Rui's memorials, regulations and writings, records of an upright Ming official's local rule
    3. Collected Works of Hai Rui: Juan 1Ming
    4. Collected Works of Hai Rui: Juan 2Ming
    5. Collected Works of Hai Rui: Juan 3Ming
    6. +8 more
      1. Collected Works of Hai Rui: Juan 4Ming
      2. Collected Works of Hai Rui: Juan 5Ming
      3. Collected Works of Hai Rui: Juan 6Ming
      4. Collected Works of Hai Rui: Juan 7Ming
      5. Collected Works of Hai Rui: Juan 8Ming
      6. Collected Works of Hai Rui: Juan 9Ming
      7. Collected Works of Hai Rui: Juan 10Ming
      8. Collected Works of Hai Rui: Juan 1: Memorial on Opening the Wusong RiverMing
  2. Literature · Sayings3
    1. Houses as Bare as Hanging Chime-Stones: Hai Rui's MemorialMingIdiom from Hai Rui's memorial: homes as empty as hanging chime-stones
    2. The People Have No Means to LiveMingIdiom from Hai Rui's Memorial on Order and Peace: a people with no way to live
    3. Rotting Cash Strings and Stale Grain: Hai Rui Holds Up Emperor WenMingIdiom from Hai Rui's Memorial on Order and Security: the full treasuries of Emperor Wen's reign