Ministers › Provincial Governors
Zhang Zhiwan
Top graduate of 1847 and cousin of Zhang Zhidong who governed Henan and Jiangsu, joined the Grand Council in 1884 and painted landscapes
A walled hilltop city with a tall brick gate tower stands above a pine-covered cliff, its wall running along the ridge, while a long wooden bridge crosses a wide river below and plains, islets and layered mountains stretch into the distance, with no person in view.
Also known as Zi Ziqing
Zhang Zhiwan, courtesy name Ziqing, styled Luanpo, came from Nanpi in Zhili and was a cousin of the statesman Zhang Zhidong. He took first place in the palace examination of 1847, and from 1862 served as governor of Henan, where he fought the Nian rebels. He went on to be director-general of grain transport, governor of Jiangsu and governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang, and then minister of punishments and of war in Beijing. When Cixi replaced the entire Grand Council in 1884 he was brought into it, and he later became a grand secretary. A landscape painter of note, he was paired with Dai Xi in the phrase 'Dai in the south, Zhang in the north'. He died in 1897 and was given the posthumous name Wenda.
Life and times
Dates 1811 CE–1897 CE