Liu Chan

Also known as Zi Gongsi · A Dou

Liu Shan, courtesy name Gongsi and childhood name A Dou, was the son of Liu Bei and Lady Gan. When Liu Bei died at Yong'an in 223, the seventeen-year-old Liu Shan took the throne at Chengdu, reigning under the eras Jianxing, Yanxi, Jingyao and Yanxing. In the Jianxing years the chancellor Zhuge Liang ran the government, subdued the southern tribes and led repeated campaigns against Wei; after his death in 234 Jiang Wan and Fei Yi governed in turn, and in later years the emperor trusted the eunuch Huang Hao while Jiang Wei kept marching north. In 263 the Wei general Deng Ai came through the Yinping track to Mianzhu, and on Qiao Zhou's advice Liu Shan surrendered. Moved to Luoyang as Duke of Anle, he died there in 271 and was named Duke Si. The Annals of Han and Jin (Han Jin chunqiu) says that when Sima Zhao asked whether he missed Shu, he replied that he was too happy where he was.