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Kangxi Emperor
Qing emperor of the Kangxi reign who put down the Three Feudatories, annexed Taiwan, signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk with Russia and led campaigns against Galdan
Mural of the event “Treaty of Nerchinsk”, which this person took part in.
In the late seventeenth century, Tsarist Russian cavalry crossed Siberia and forcibly invaded the Qing's Heilongjiang basin, building castles like Yaksa and ruthlessly massacring frontier people, seriously threatening the Qing court's northern sovereignty.
Also known as Kangxi Di · Qingsheng Zu · Ai Xin Jue Luo · Xuan Ye
Xuanye, third son of the Shunzhi Emperor, came to the throne as a young boy in 1661 and from the next year reigned as the Kangxi Emperor, at first under four regents: Soni, Suksaha, Ebilun and Oboi. He arrested Oboi in 1669, and his decision in 1673 to abolish the southern feudatories provoked Wu Sangui's revolt, which took eight years to suppress. Shi Lang took Taiwan for him in 1683, and a prefecture was set up there the next year; in 1689 he concluded the Treaty of Nerchinsk with Russia, and he later led three campaigns in person against the Dzungar leader Galdan. In 1712 he froze the head tax at that year's count of adult males, promising no increase as the population grew, and he commissioned the Kangxi Dictionary. He died at the Changchun Garden in 1722, received the temple name Shengzu and the posthumous title Emperor Ren, and was buried at Jingling. The French Jesuit Joachim Bouvet wrote a portrait of him for Louis XIV.
Life and times
- 1654 CEBorn
Qing - 1668Huguang Fills Sichuan
In powerage 14After the wars of the Ming-Qing transition emptied Sichuan, the Qing state drew settlers from Huguang and other provinces with registration and permanent land title, reshaping the province's people and customs over more than a century. - 1673Three Feudatories Revolt
Took partage 19The decisive military-political victory consolidating Qing central rule over all Han China.- Kangxi Suppresses Wu Sangui's Revoltc. 1678age 24Rebel King Wu Sangui declared the Zhou dynasty in Hunan before Qing imperial forces shattered his front at Yuezhou, securing the Yangtze.
- Kangxi Suppresses Wu Sangui's Revolt
- 1681Mulan Hunt and Chengde Mountain Resort
age 27Emperor Kangxi founded the Mulan Autumn Hunt and imperial Mountain Resort at Chengde in 1703 CE, bonding with Mongolian and Tibetan princes. - 1689Treaty of Nerchinsk
Took partage 35Qing and Russian envoys at Nerchinsk delimited their eastern frontier and set trade arrangements in their first formal boundary treaty. - 1722 CEDied
- 1723Tan Ding Ru Mu Tax Revolution
PrecursorAbolishing the millennial poll tax, unleashing demographic expansion to 400 million citizens.
Works
Literature · Prose4- Maxims from the Family InstructionsQingKangxi Emperor's sayings to his sons, recorded by the Yongzheng Emperor in 246 entries
- Complete Tang PoemsQingKangxi Emperor's 900-juan anthology of nearly 49,000 Tang and Five Dynasties poems
- The Sixteen Maxims of the Sacred EdictQingKangxi Emperor's sixteen seven-character moral maxims of 1670, read aloud across the realm
- Complete Tang Poems: Imperial Preface to the Complete Tang PoemsQing
- Literature · Sayings4
- Ugliness Laid Bare in TimeQingIdiom in the Kangxi Emperor's Household Maxims: frauds stand exposed in time
- Youmeng in the Late Minister's RobesQingIdiom from the Shiji's actor Youmeng, used by Kangxi against mere imitation of Tang poetry
- Clear the Moment the Book Is OpenedQingAphorism from the Kangxi Emperor's preface to his dictionary: clear at the first glance
- Analysed Strand by Strand, Point by PointQingIdiom from the Kangxi Emperor's Family Instructions: mathematics laid out point by point
- Literature · Criticism2
- Kangxi DictionaryQingImperial dictionary of 1716 by Zhang Yushu and Chen Tingjing: 47,000 characters, 214 radicals
- Kangxi Dictionary: Imperial Preface to the Kangxi DictionaryQing
Treasures · Brushwork1- Kangxi Emperor, Wanshi Shibiao (Model Teacher for All Ages)Qing dynastyKangxi's tribute to Confucius
Family tree
- Direct kin
