Ha Ma

Hama, courtesy name Shilian, was a Qangli whose father had been made Duke of Ji because his mother was wet nurse to Emperor Ningzong. He and his younger brother Xuexue entered the palace guard young and became close favourites of Emperor Shundi. He secretly introduced the emperor to Indian monks who taught a sexual yoga, and his brother-in-law Tolu Temur brought in Tibetan teachers of similar practices. In 1354, while the chief councillor Toghto was away besieging Gaoyou, Hama returned to the Secretariat, turned Empress Ki and the crown prince against Toghto and had him stripped of command and exiled to his death; in 1355 he became chief councillor of the left, with Xuexue as censor-in-chief. In 1356 he told his father he meant to put the crown prince on the throne and make the emperor retire, Tolu Temur heard of it and informed the emperor, and both brothers were banished and beaten to death on the road. The Yuan History places him among its treacherous ministers.