Tie Muer

Also known as Yuan Chengzong · Wanze Duhan

Temur was a grandson of Kublai and the third son of the crown prince Zhenjin; born in 1265, he was given the crown prince's seal in 1293 and sent to command the northern frontier. When Kublai died early the next year, the princes and ministers met at Shangdu and enthroned him in the fourth month; he reigned under the era names Yuanzhen and Dade. He dropped the planned campaigns against Japan and Annam, but in 1301 sent Liu Shen against the Babai Xifu kingdom in the far southwest, which set off a rising led by Song Longji. That same year his armies defeated Qaidu, who died soon after, and in 1303 Duwa and Chapar sent envoys to make peace. Commissioners he sent out that year dismissed more than eighteen thousand corrupt officials. Often ill in his last years, he left much of the government to Empress Bulughan, and he died early in 1307 at forty-one, with the temple name Chengzong.