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Tuo Tuo
Late Yuan chancellor who restored the civil examinations, headed the compilation of the Liao, Jin and Song histories, and was poisoned in exile
In a council hall, a long table holds an unrolled map scroll, a brass-cornered chest and a brush pot, with tall-backed chairs around it and a bronze lamp at the left; a figure stands with their back turned on the balcony at the right, with palace roofs beyond.
Toghto (Tuo Tuo), courtesy name Dayong, of the Merkit clan, was the son of the chancellor Majartai and was raised by his uncle Bayan. In 1340 he helped Emperor Shun remove the overbearing Bayan and became Right Chancellor that year, restoring the civil service examinations Bayan had abolished and reviving lectures on the classics at court, a programme known as Toghto's renewal. From 1343 he served as director-general of the commission that compiled the official histories of the Liao, Jin and Song. Back in office as chancellor, in 1351 he put Jia Lu in charge of conscripted labourers to repair the Yellow River dikes and also reformed the paper currency. In 1354, while besieging Zhang Shicheng at Gaoyou, he was impeached by Hama and others and stripped of command just as the city was about to fall; banished to Yunnan the next year, he was poisoned on a forged edict early in 1356. The court cleared his name and restored his titles in 1362.
Life and times
- 1314 CEBorn
Yuan
- 1356 CEDied
Works
Literature · Prose774
- History of SongYuanYuan official history of the Song under Toqto'a, the largest of the Twenty-Four Histories
- History of LiaoYuanYuan official history of the Khitan Liao under Toqto'a, keeping Khitan institutions and words
- History of JinYuanYuan official history of the Jurchen Jin, long rated the best of the three Yuan histories
- History of Song: Basic AnnalsYuan
- History of Song: TreatisesYuan
+25 more
- History of Song: TablesYuan
- History of Song: BiographiesYuan
- History of Song: Annals of Taizu, Part 1Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Taizu, Part 2Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Taizu, Part 3Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Taizong, Part 1Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Taizong, Part 2Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Zhenzong, Part 1Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Zhenzong, Part 2Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Zhenzong, Part 3Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Renzong, Part 1Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Renzong, Part 2Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Renzong, Part 3Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Renzong, Part 4Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of YingzongYuan
- History of Song: Annals of Shenzong, Part 1Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Shenzong, Part 2Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Shenzong, Part 3Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Zhezong, Part 1Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Zhezong, Part 2Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Huizong, Part 1Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Huizong, Part 2Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Huizong, Part 3Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of Huizong, Part 4Yuan
- History of Song: Annals of QinzongYuan
- Open all works→
Literature · Sayings47
- Calm and Self-PossessedYuanIdiom from the History of Jin: calm and composed in an emergency
- Staking Everything on One ThrowYuanIdiom from the History of Song: staking everything on one last gamble
- The Fox Mourns the Dead HareYuanIdiom from the History of Song: the fox mourns the hare, grieving for one's own kind
- Ten Li of Land and Five Hundred MenYuanIdiom from the Zuo Zhuan's story of Shao Kang: restoring a realm from small means
- Reciting a Text After One ReadingYuanPhrase from the History of Song on Emperor Zhenzong: one reading and he knew it by heart
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- Of One Mind Without ConferringYuanIdiom whose Song history form praises Han Shizhong: two minds meeting unplanned
- Reaching the Same Plan Without Prior ConsultationYuanIdiom from the History of Song: Han Shizhong's plan matching Lü Yihao's unasked
- Like a Stray Dog Without a HomeYuanIdiom from the Shiji on Confucius at Zheng: lost and homeless like a stray dog
- Giving One's Life for the NationYuanIdiom embodied by Lu Xiufu at Yashan: carrying the boy emperor into the sea
- Entrusting Office to the Worthy and AbleYuanIdiom in the History of Song on Zhu Xi: urging the emperor to employ the worthy
- Winning by the Unexpected StrokeYuanIdiom from the History of Song: Lu Jiuyuan fortifies Jingmen for surprise strikes
- Wide Learning and a Powerful MemoryYuanFamous phrase from the History of Song: young Zhao Gou's learning and memory
- A Rich State and a Strong Army: Zhu Xi's Plan Against JinYuanIdiom from the History of Song: a wealthy state and a powerful army
- Ruling from Behind the Curtain: Empress Dowager Liu of SongYuanIdiom from the History of Song: an empress dowager governing from behind a screen
- A Treaty Signed Beneath the Walls: The Chanyuan SlanderYuanIdiom from the History of Song: a humiliating treaty signed with the enemy at the walls
- Not Made by Heaven: Meng Gong Drains the Pool at CaizhouYuanIdiom from the History of Song: something formed by nature, perfect as it is
- Content in Poverty, Faithful to the Way: Zhu Xi Declines OfficeYuanIdiom from the History of Song: content in poverty and faithful to the Way
- Serve the Nation with Utmost Loyalty: The Words on Yue Fei's BackYuanIdiom from the History of Song: the four words of loyalty on Yue Fei's back
- A Just Cause Makes an Army Strong: Shen Kuo at the Liao CourtYuanIdiom from the History of Song: a just cause makes an army strong
- Till the River Is a Sash and the Mountain a WhetstoneYuanIdiom from the Han founding oath to meritorious lords, echoed in the History of Song
- Checking Titles Against Real PerformanceYuanIdiom from the Han Feizi: hold every title to account against results
- Composed and Unhurried in the Enemy CampYuanAphorism from the History of Song: a hostage prince who stays calm among his captors
- Never Letting a Book Leave His HandsYuanIdiom in the History of Song's life of Sima Guang: a boy who never put his book down
- Placing One's True Heart in Another's BreastYuanIdiom from the Book of Later Han: Liu Xiu's trust wins over surrendered rebels
- Braving Execution by the AxeYuanIdiom from the Song History's life of Qin Hui: the axe as a byword for the death penalty
- In the Full Prime of One's YearsYuanIdiom from the Song History's life of Sima Guang: a ruler still in the prime of life
- Pressing On Day and NightYuanIdiom from the Song History's life of Meng Gong: a forced march by day and night
- Father and Son Fall Together: The Jingkang DisasterYuanFamous line from the History of Song: two emperors, father and son, taken captive together
- August Heaven and Sovereign Earth Bear Witness: Yue Fei's VowYuanIdiom in the History of Song: Yue Fei calls heaven and earth to witness his heart
- To Reform the Age and Change Its Customs: Wang Anshi's AmbitionYuanIdiom in the History of Song: Wang Anshi's resolve to remake his age
Literature · Fables2
- Staking Everything on One ThrowYuanEpisode in the History of Song: Kou Zhun takes the emperor to Chanyuan, then is slandered
- The Fox Mourns the Dead HareYuanSaying in the History of Song's life of Li Quan: when its kind dies, the fox mourns for itself
Family tree
- Direct kinFather
Tuo Tuo - Other kin1