Classical Poetry

19 works

Orthodox classical Chinese poetry spanning archaic ballads to Tang regulated verse.

  1. Song of White HairZhuo Wenjun · Yuefu BalladsWhite as snow upon the mountain, bright as the moon between the clouds.
  2. Song of Lament (Zhaojun's Lament)Wang Zhaojun · Yuefu BalladsThe autumn trees grow lush, yet their leaves wither and yellow. There is a bird that dwells in the mountains, gathered upon the thick mulberry.
  3. Han Yuefu · Southeast the Peacocks FlyAnonymous (Han–Wei folk yuefu) · Yuefu BalladsYou should be as the solid rock, I as the supple reed; the reed is tough as silk, the rock shall never move.
  4. Han Yuefu · Long Song (Time Flees Like Rivers)Anonymous (Han yuefu) · Yuefu BalladsA hundred rivers flow east to the sea, when will they return west? If you strive not in youth, you will grieve in vain in age.
  5. Han Yuefu · Jiangnan (Gathering Lotus)Anonymous (Han lotus pickers) · Yuefu BalladsJiangnan is ripe for gathering lotus, how lush are the lily pads! Fish play among the lotus leaves.
  6. Nineteen Ancient Poems · Walking and WalkingAnonymous (Eastern Han literati) · Old-Style SongsSeparation stretches longer day by day, robe-sashes grow ever looser. Longing makes one age, the years have swiftly turned late.
  7. Nineteen Ancient Poems · Faraway the Cowherd StarAnonymous (Eastern Han literati) · Old-Style SongsAcross a single pool of clear water, gazing in deep affection, unable to speak.
  8. Han Yuefu · Mulberries by the PathAnonymous (Han folk yuefu) · Yuefu BalladsThe Prefect asked Luofu: 'Would you care to ride with me?' Luofu stepped forward and replied: 'How foolish is my Lord! You have your own wife, and Luofu has her own husband!'
  9. Han Yuefu · At Fifteen Conscripted into the ArmyAnonymous (a Han veteran) · Yuefu BalladsConscripted at fifteen to campaign, at eighty I finally return. On the road I meet a villager: 'Who remains in my household?' 'Look yonder where your home stands—graves beneath pines and cypresses cluster row upon row.'
  10. Han Yuefu · By HeavenAnonymous (a woman of the Han) · Yuefu BalladsBy Heaven! I yearn to love you and be your soulmate, for a lifetime without end or waning. When mountains flatten into plains, when great rivers run dry, when winter roars with thunder, when summer falls with snow, when Heaven and Earth unite as one—only then would I dare part from you!
  11. Han Yuefu · One I Yearn ForAnonymous (a woman of the Han) · Yuefu BalladsThere is one I yearn for, far beyond the southern sea. What gift shall I send him? A tortoiseshell hairpin with twin pearls, wrapped with fine jade cords. Hearing you have turned your heart to another, I shatter and burn it to ash. Shatter and burn it, casting its ashes into the wind!
  12. Han Yuefu · Battle South of the CityAnonymous (Han guchui music) · Yuefu BalladsBattling south of city walls, dying north of ramparts; dying untended in the wilds, for ravens to feast upon. Pray tell the ravens for me: 'Weep first for the fallen traveler! Left unburied in the wilderness, how could my rotten flesh flee from your beak?'
  13. Nineteen Ancient Poems · Wading the River to Pluck LotusAnonymous (Eastern Han literati) · Old-Style SongsWading across the river to pluck lotus blossoms, the orchid marsh is filled with fragrant herbs. Whom do I wish to send them to? The one I yearn for is far away on the road. United in heart yet dwelling apart, we shall grow old in sorrow.
  14. Nineteen Ancient Poems · In the Northwest Stands a Lofty TowerAnonymous (Eastern Han literati) · Old-Style SongsIn the northwest stands a lofty tower, its summit rising level with drifting clouds. Patterned latticework graces delicate windows, multi-tiered terraces rise three flights high. From above comes the sound of stringed music and song, how sorrowful the melody rings! I grieve not for the singer's bitter toil, but mourn that true soulmates are so rare. Would that we were a pair of calling cranes, spreading wings to soar high into the sky.
  15. Nineteen Ancient Poems · Bright Moon How RadiantAnonymous (Eastern Han literati) · Old-Style SongsThe bright moon shines how radiant, illuminating the curtains of my silk bed. Beset with grief I cannot sleep, gathering my robes I rise and pace. Though traveling afar is said to be joyous, nothing equals returning early home. Stepping outside the door in solitary wandering, to whom can I utter my sorrowful thoughts?
  16. Nineteen Ancient Poems · In the Courtyard Grows a Rare TreeAnonymous (Eastern Han literati) · Old-Style SongsIn the courtyard grows a wondrous tree, green leaves blossoming rich and flourishing. Climbing branches I pluck its blossoms, intending to send them to the one I cherish. Sweet fragrance fills my sleeves and bosom, yet the road is too distant to deliver. How could this blossom be precious in itself? I am merely moved by how long we have been parted.
  17. Song of Harmonious AccordZhang Heng · Yuefu BalladsI wish to be the rush mat, lying below to cover the square bed. I wish to be the silk quilt and curtain, above to shield you from wind and frost.
  18. Ballad of Resentment · The Round FanLady Ban (Ban Jieyu) · Yuefu BalladsFreshly sheared fine white silk from Qi, spotless and pure as frost and snow, tailored into an joined fan shaped round as the full moon. Carried in my lord's sleeves to stir gentle breezes; yet ever fearing the arrival of autumn chill, discarded into the chest when love is severed halfway.
  19. Though the Tortoise Lives LongCao Cao · Old-Style SongsAn old steed lying in its stall still sets its heart on a thousand li; a man of valor in his twilight years keeps his proud heart undimmed.

Rhapsody & Parallel Prose

10 works

Grand rhapsodies and parallel prose showcasing acoustic symmetry and ornate eloquence.

  1. Rhapsody Mourning Qu YuanJia Yi · Grand Han RhapsodiesThe luan and the phoenix hide and flee, while owls soar on high.
  2. Rhapsody on the OwlJia Yi · Grand Han RhapsodiesHeaven and earth are the furnace, creation is the smith; yin and yang are the charcoal, all things the bronze.
  3. Rhapsody of Master VoidSima Xiangru · Grand Han RhapsodiesI have heard that Chu has seven marshes; I have seen one of them but never the rest.
  4. Rhapsody on the Imperial Shanglin ParkSima Xiangru · Grand Han RhapsodiesVast and broad, eight rivers part and flow, turning their backs on one another in differing forms.
  5. Rhapsody on the Long Gate PalaceSima Xiangru · Grand Han RhapsodiesSuddenly I fall asleep and dream, and in spirit my lord seems to be at my side.
  6. Rhapsody on Returning to the FieldsZhang Heng · Short RhapsodiesNow it is the fine month of mid-spring; the season is mild and the air is clear. Plains and wetlands are lush, and all the grasses flourish.
  7. Rhapsody on the Feathered Hunt · ExcerptYang Xiong · Grand Han RhapsodiesBanners that swept the sky were raised and pennants that brushed the stars trailed behind;
  8. Rhapsody on Expelling PovertyYang Xiong · Short RhapsodiesOthers all wear embroidery, while my coarse cloth is in tatters. Others all eat rice and millet, while I alone dine on goosefoot.
  9. Rhapsodies on the Two CapitalsBan Gu · Grand Han RhapsodiesThe rhapsody is a stream that flows from the ancient Odes.
  10. Rhapsodies on the Two CapitalsZhang Heng · Grand Han RhapsodiesRefined in thought and carefully composed, it took ten years to complete.

Classical Prose

13 works

Authoritative classical prose from Pre-Qin philosophers to Tang-Song prose masters.

  1. Letter in Reply to Ren AnSima Qian · Letters & PrefacesEvery man must die once; a death may be weightier than Mount Tai or lighter than a goose feather, according to what it is used for.
  2. Faults of QinJia Yi · Essays & MemorialsA single commoner rebelled and the imperial ancestral shrines collapsed, their dynastic line exterminated to become the laughingstock of the realm—why? Because benevolence and righteousness were not practiced, and the strategy of taking power differs from preserving it.
  3. Memorial on Security and StatecraftJia Yi · Essays & MemorialsTo put a fire under a pile of firewood and sleep on top of it, and to call it safe because the flames have not yet caught.
  4. Memorial on Elevating the Value of GrainChao Cuo · Essays & MemorialsPearls, jade, gold and silver cannot be eaten when one is hungry nor worn when one is cold.
  5. Reply to a Guest's ObjectionDongfang Shuo · Essays & MemorialsThat was one time and this is another; how can they be the same?
  6. Letter of FarewellZhuo Wenjun · Letters & PrefacesThe vermilion string is snapped, the bright mirror cracked; the morning dew has dried, the fair face faded.
  7. Memorial Submitted from Prison to the Prince of LiangZou Yang · Essays & MemorialsSome keep company until their hair turns white and are still strangers; some tilt their carriage canopies in passing and are old friends at once.
  8. Letter in Reply to Sun HuizongYang Yun · Letters & PrefacesFarm families work hard; at the summer and winter festivals we boil a sheep and roast a lamb and cheer ourselves with a dipper of wine.
  9. Letter Admonishing Nephews Yan and DunMa Yuan · Letters & PrefacesI desire you all, upon hearing others' faults, to treat it as hearing your parents' names: ears may listen, but mouths must never utter them. Emulating Bogao imperfectly still yields a prudent gentleman—carving a swan that resembles a duck; emulating Jiliang imperfectly degrades into frivolous insolence—drawing a tiger that ends up looking like a dog.
  10. Records of the Grand HistorianSima Qian · Historical NarrativeTo probe the boundary between Heaven and humankind, to comprehend the changes of past and present, and to form a single school's word.
  11. Book of HanBan Gu · Historical NarrativeBetter to go home and weave a net than to stand by the pool longing for fish.
  12. Huainanzi (The Masters of Huainan)Liu An · Pre-Qin MastersThe Way covers Heaven and upholds Earth; it extends the four directions and opens the eight extremities; so high it cannot be reached, so deep it cannot be fathomed.
  13. Book of RitesDai Sheng · Pre-Qin MastersWhen the Great Way prevailed, the world belonged to all.

Fables & Lore

24 works

Philosophical fables, historical allusion narratives, and primordial mythology.

  1. The Bow's Reflection in the CupYing Shao · Historical AllusionsSuspicion breeds phantoms; once the truth is examined, the fear disappears.
  2. Playing the Lute to a CowMouzi · Satirical ParablesKnow your audience; speak in a way the listener can understand.
  3. The Old Man at the Frontier Loses His HorseLiu An · Philosophers' FablesFortune and misfortune turn into each other; don't overreact to a single gain or loss.
  4. Lord She Loves DragonsLiu Xiang · Satirical ParablesA professed love may not survive meeting the real thing.
  5. When the Birds Are Gone, the Bow Is Stored AwaySima Qian · Historical AllusionsKnowing when to withdraw after success protects you from a jealous ruler.
  6. The Overturned Cart Ahead as a WarningBan Gu · Satirical ParablesOthers' failures are a mirror; ignore their lesson and you repeat their fall.
  7. An Arrow at the End of Its FlightSima Qian · Historical AllusionsEven great strength runs out; act while your force is at its peak.
  8. Little Seen, Much Marveled AtMouzi · Satirical ParablesOnly the inexperienced are easily astonished; the unfamiliar is not the impossible.
  9. Poking Its Head Out Both Ways Like a RatSima Qian · Historical AllusionsSitting on the fence at a critical moment usually pleases neither side.
  10. Dead Ashes Flaring Up AgainSima Qian · Historical AllusionsDon't bully the fallen while you are on top; fortunes can reverse at any time.
  11. Hesitating to Hit the Rat for Fear of Breaking the VaseBan Gu · Satirical ParablesWeigh collateral damage when striking wrongdoers, but don't use it as an excuse for inaction.
  12. When the Hare Is Dead, the Hound Is CookedSima Qian · Historical AllusionsA ruler who shares only hardship often turns on his helpers once victory comes.
  13. As Precarious as Stacked EggsSima Qian · Historical AllusionsA situation without a stable base collapses at the slightest shock.
  14. Xiang Zhuang's Sword Dance Aims at the Lord of PeiSima Qian · Historical AllusionsBeneath an innocent-looking act often lies a hidden aim.
  15. A Single Cry That Astonishes the WorldSima Qian · Historical AllusionsSilence is not weakness; gathered strength can burst forth to astonish all.
  16. Badgers from the Same HillBan Gu · Satirical ParablesBlunt truths feel satisfying, but timing and discretion still matter.
  17. Testing the Law with One's Own BodyBan Gu · Satirical ParablesKnowingly breaking the law means knowingly accepting its consequences.
  18. Devising Strategy Within the TentSima Qian · Historical AllusionsA true leader need not excel at everything, but must know how to use others' talents.
  19. Kindred Spirits on a Shared PathBan Gu · Satirical ParablesTrue companionship lies in shared aims, not in constant company.
  20. Nüwa Mends the HeavensAnonymous · Ancient MythsNüwa smelted stones of five colors to patch the azure sky.
  21. Yi Shoots Down the SunsAnonymous · Ancient MythsAbove, he shot the ten suns; below, he killed Yayu.
  22. Chang'e Flies to the MoonAnonymous · Ancient MythsHeng'e stole it and fled to the moon; he was left despondent, with no way to replace it.
  23. Gonggong Topples Mount BuzhouAnonymous · Ancient MythsHeaven tilted toward the northwest, and so the sun, moon, stars and planets shifted that way.
  24. The Cowherd and the Weaver GirlAnonymous · Folk LegendsJust one brimming stretch of water between them, yet they gaze and gaze and cannot speak.

Sayings & Idioms

78 works

Living Chinese linguistic heritage comprising idioms, proverbs, aphorisms, and couplets.

  1. Chang'e Flies to the MoonLiu An · IdiomsChang'e swallows the elixir of immortality and flies to the moon; a myth evoking longing and the moon's beauty.
  2. Nüwa Mends the SkyLiu An · IdiomsThe goddess Nüwa smelts five-colored stones to repair the broken sky; heroic effort to set a collapsing world right.
  3. A Bow's Reflection Mistaken for a SnakeYing Shao · IdiomsMistaking a bow reflected in a wine cup for a snake; needless fear born of groundless suspicion.
  4. The Cowherd and the Weaver GirlAnonymous · IdiomsLovers separated by the Milky Way who meet once a year; couples living apart who rarely reunite.
  5. Sleeping on Brushwood and Tasting GallSima Qian · IdiomsKing Goujian slept on brushwood and tasted gall to remember his humiliation; enduring hardship to prepare for revenge or success.
  6. Bearing Brambles to Beg ForgivenessSima Qian · IdiomsGeneral Lian Po carried thorny brambles on his back to apologize; sincerely admitting fault and asking forgiveness.
  7. Returning the Jade Intact to ZhaoSima Qian · IdiomsLin Xiangru brought the precious jade back safely to Zhao; returning something intact to its rightful owner.
  8. Calling a Deer a HorseSima Qian · IdiomsZhao Gao presented a deer as a horse to test officials' loyalty; deliberately distorting truth and falsehood.
  9. Songs of Chu on All SidesSima Qian · IdiomsXiang Yu, besieged, heard Chu songs from every side; surrounded by enemies and utterly isolated.
  10. Fighting with One's Back to the RiverSima Qian · IdiomsHan Xin deployed troops with a river behind them, cutting off retreat; a desperate all-or-nothing fight.
  11. Mao Sui Recommends HimselfSima Qian · IdiomsMao Sui volunteered to join his lord's mission to Chu; stepping forward to recommend oneself for a task.
  12. Breaking the Cauldrons and Sinking the BoatsSima Qian · IdiomsXiang Yu smashed cooking pots and sank his boats after crossing the river; total commitment with no retreat.
  13. Waging War on PaperSima Qian · IdiomsZhao Kuo knew military texts but lost disastrously in battle; empty theorizing with no practical ability.
  14. Playing the Lute to a CowMou Rong · IdiomsPlaying refined music to a cow; wasting words on an audience that cannot understand or appreciate them.
  15. The Old Frontiersman Loses His HorseLiu An · IdiomsAn old man's lost horse returns with a fine steed; misfortune may prove a blessing in disguise.
  16. A Promise Worth a Thousand GoldSima Qian · IdiomsA single promise is worth a thousand pieces of gold; absolute trustworthiness in keeping one's word.
  17. One Word Weighs as Much as Nine TripodsSima Qian · IdiomsWords as weighty as the nine sacred tripods; speech that carries decisive authority.
  18. Living in Peace and Working in ContentmentBan Gu · IdiomsLiving in security and working happily at one's trade; a peaceful, well-ordered society.
  19. Shivering Without ColdSima Qian · IdiomsTrembling though not cold; gripped by fear or dread.
  20. Agreeing Without Prior ArrangementSima Qian · IdiomsActing or speaking in unison without any prior agreement.
  21. The Great Task Is AccomplishedBan Gu · IdiomsA great undertaking or important task has finally been completed.
  22. Brimming with Self-SatisfactionSima Qian · IdiomsLooking very pleased with oneself; smug and complacent.
  23. The Swift-Footed Arrive FirstSima Qian · IdiomsThe quickest to act gets there first and wins the prize.
  24. One Hair from Nine OxenSima Qian · IdiomsA negligible fraction of a vast amount; a drop in the ocean.
  25. Seen So Often It Is Nothing NewSima Qian · IdiomsSo common that it is no longer surprising.
  26. All Previous Effort WastedSima Qian · IdiomsAll previous efforts and achievements come to nothing.
  27. Lord Ye Loves DragonsLiu Xiang · IdiomsLord Ye professes to love dragons but flees a real one; professed love that is not genuine.
  28. Seek Truth from FactsBan Gu · IdiomsTo base conclusions on facts and seek the truth from reality.
  29. First to Bear the BruntBan Gu · IdiomsTo be the first to face an attack or bear the brunt of a disaster.
  30. Strike First to Gain ControlBan Gu · IdiomsStrike first to gain the upper hand.
  31. Passing Fish Eyes Off as PearlsWei Boyang · IdiomsPassing off fish eyes as pearls; palming off fakes as genuine.
  32. Unbending after a Hundred SetbacksCai Yong · IdiomsNever yielding however many setbacks one suffers; describes indomitable will.
  33. Clinging to the Broken and IncompleteLiu Xin · IdiomsClinging to fragmentary old texts; stubbornly conservative and resistant to change.
  34. Without Learning or SkillBan Gu · IdiomsHaving neither learning nor skill; ignorant and incompetent.
  35. Not Worth MentioningSima Qian · IdiomsNot worth mentioning; often a modest reply to thanks or praise.
  36. Issuing Orders at Dawn, Changing Them at DuskChao Cuo · IdiomsAn order given at dawn is changed by dusk; constantly shifting policies.
  37. Honest Advice Grates on the EarSima Qian · IdiomsSincere advice is unpleasant to hear but good for one's conduct; urges accepting criticism.
  38. Weightier than Mount TaiSima Qian · IdiomsHeavier than Mount Tai; of the utmost significance, especially a death for a worthy cause.
  39. Standing Out from the CrowdBan Gu · IdiomsOf outstanding talent and virtue, far above the ordinary.
  40. Holding One Front AloneSima Qian · IdiomsCapable of taking sole charge of one area or front.
  41. Mending One's WaysSima Qian · IdiomsCorrecting one's mistakes and making a fresh start.
  42. Misfortunes Never Come SinglyLiu Xiang · IdiomsMisfortunes tend to come one after another rather than alone.
  43. Many Littles Make a LotBan Gu · IdiomsSmall amounts steadily accumulated add up to a great deal.
  44. Nothing but Four Bare WallsSima Qian · IdiomsA home with nothing but four bare walls; utter poverty.
  45. Forgetting Righteousness at the Sight of GainBan Gu · IdiomsTo abandon principle and loyalty at the sight of personal gain.
  46. Overcorrecting a WrongBan Gu · IdiomsTo overcorrect an error so that one swings to the opposite extreme.
  47. Raising Bamboo Poles in RevoltJia Yi · IdiomsTo raise bamboo poles as banners and rise in revolt; a popular uprising.
  48. Seeking a Steed by Its PictureBan Gu · IdiomsLooking for a fine horse by a picture; rigidly following rules, or searching by clues.
  49. Birds Gone, the Bow Is Put AwaySima Qian · IdiomsOnce the birds are shot, the bow is stored away; discarding loyal helpers after success.
  50. The Overturned Cart Ahead as a WarningBan Gu · IdiomsThe cart ahead overturned serves as a warning; learning from others' past failures.
  51. The Spent Arrow of a Strong CrossbowSima Qian · IdiomsAn arrow from a mighty crossbow at the end of its flight; once-great strength now spent.
  52. Little Seen, Much Marveled AtMou Rong · IdiomsThose who have seen little marvel at the ordinary; mocks a lack of experience.
  53. A Rat Peering Both WaysSima Qian · IdiomsLike a rat poking its head out and looking both ways; wavering and indecisive.
  54. Dead Ashes Flare Up AgainSima Qian · IdiomsDead ashes rekindling; a fallen force regaining power, or a suppressed evil reviving.
  55. The Mantis Stalks the Cicada, Unaware of the Oriole BehindLiu Xiang · ProverbsThe mantis stalks the cicada while an oriole waits behind; eyeing gain while blind to danger.
  56. Hesitating to Throw at a Rat for Fear of the VaseBan Gu · IdiomsWanting to hit the rat but fearing to break the vessel beside it; restrained by side concerns.
  57. The Hare Dead, the Hound Is CookedSima Qian · IdiomsOnce the hare is caught, the hound is cooked; discarding or killing helpers after success.
  58. Precarious as Stacked EggsSima Qian · IdiomsAs precarious as a stack of eggs; an extremely perilous situation.
  59. Xiang Zhuang's Sword Dance Aims at the Duke of PeiSima Qian · ProverbsXiang Zhuang's sword dance was aimed at Liu Bang; an act whose real purpose is hidden.
  60. Amazing the World with a Single CrySima Qian · IdiomsA bird silent for years whose first cry astonishes all; a sudden, remarkable achievement.
  61. Badgers from the Same HillBan Gu · IdiomsBadgers of the same hill; people equally bad, birds of a feather.
  62. Putting Oneself to the Test of the LawBan Gu · IdiomsTo test the law with one's own conduct; knowingly breaking the law.
  63. Devising Strategy Within the TentSima Qian · IdiomsPlanning strategy inside the command tent; directing operations through careful planning.
  64. The Old Steed in the StableCao Cao · IdiomsAn old steed lying by the trough still sets its heart on a thousand li;
  65. An Old Hero's Heart Still BurnsCao Cao · AphorismsA man of high purpose in his twilight years does not let his great heart rest.
  66. Deep Plans and Far-Sighted ThoughtJia Yi · IdiomsIn deep planning and far-sighted thought, and in the ways of marching and commanding troops, they were no match for the men of earlier times.
  67. A School of One's OwnSima Qian · IdiomsI also wished to explore the boundary between Heaven and humanity, to understand the changes from past to present, and to complete a school of thought of my own.
  68. The World Belongs to AllDai Sheng · IdiomsWhen the Great Way prevailed, the world was shared by all; the worthy and able were chosen, and trust and harmony were cultivated.
  69. Teaching and Learning Grow TogetherDai Sheng · IdiomsKnowing one's difficulties, one can then strive to become stronger; hence it is said that teaching and learning advance each other.
  70. Uncarved Jade Makes No VesselDai Sheng · AphorismsJade that is not carved does not become a vessel;
  71. Friends unto DeathSima Qian · IdiomsIn the end they were reconciled in joy and became friends who would die for each other.
  72. Peerless Among the Nation's TalentsSima Qian · IdiomsBut as for Han Xin, he is a talent without equal in the whole nation.
  73. How Can Sparrows Know the Swan's Ambition?Sima Qian · IdiomsHow could swallows and sparrows know the ambitions of the swan!
  74. Peach and Plum Trees Say Nothing, Yet Paths Form Beneath ThemSima Qian · AphorismsA proverb says: 'Peach and plum trees do not speak, yet a path forms beneath them of itself.'
  75. Idle in Youth, Grieving in Old AgeAnonymous (Han yuefu) · AphorismsIf you do not exert yourself while young and strong, in old age you will grieve in vain.
  76. The Boy Can Be TaughtSima Qian · IdiomsThe old man went about a li, came back and said: 'The boy can be taught.'
  77. Rolling Up the Realm Like a MatJia Yi · IdiomsDuke Xiao of Qin held the strongholds of Mount Xiao and the Hangu Pass and the lands of Yongzhou; ruler and ministers held firm and watched the house of Zhou, intending to roll up the realm like a mat, wrap up all within the universe and bag the four seas, with a heart set on swallowing the eight directions.
  78. Fortune Lies Within MisfortuneJia Yi · AphorismsMisfortune is what good fortune leans upon; good fortune is where misfortune lies hidden;