Through the Dynasties · LH7
Jin
Philosophical conversation, Tao Yuanming's fields and Wang Xizhi's Orchid Pavilion: the Wei-Jin manner
156works
7forms
29authors
Era of aristocratic lineages, Neo-Daoist metaphysics, and cultural migration
A fisherman rows through a cave mouth hung with peach blossom, and beyond it the land opens into fields and cottages where villagers come out to greet him beside a rushing stream. The scene retells Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Spring, the hidden paradise that "suddenly opened out" past the grove.
Suddenly he came upon a peach blossom grove, hundreds of paces on both banks; fragrant grasses fresh and lush, blossoms drifting in profusion.
Read the work →- Drinking Wine · Poem 5 (Plucking Chrysanthemums)
Plucking chrysanthemums beneath the eastern hedge, leisurely I see the Southern Mountain. In this lies truth; wanting to speak, I forget all words.
- Returning to Dwell in the Country · Poem 1The caged bird yearns for old woods, the pond fish pines for its deep abyss. Long in the cage, I return at last to Nature.
- Mourning the Departed · Poem ISeeing our house I think of her; entering the room I recall what she did there.
- The Armillary Tapestry: Woven Palindrome Poem in Seven-Character LinesBenevolent, wise, cherishing virtue, like the sage kings Shun and Yao; true and wondrous, radiant and splendid, their glory shown in brilliant display;
- Mount Tai ChantMade by no carpenter and by no craftsman, this cloud-high structure arises of itself.
- Two Orchid Pavilion PoemsLooking up, I gaze to the edge of the blue sky; looking down, I sit by the green water's shore. Clear and boundless, the view has no limit; what meets the eye reveals its own principle.
- Song of the Green Grass by the RiverWhile we live there is no day to meet; I will wait for you beneath the Yellow Springs.
- The Bitter Lot of WomenHard is the lot of one born a woman, lowly and mean beyond telling.
- There Is a GirlHer beauty is radiant indeed, and her virtue as pure as autumn frost.
- The Morning SunMy soul races ten thousand li; I would gladly share your grave.
- Song of the Bright MoonlightDuckweed has no root; without water, on what could it rest?
- Song of the Autumn OrchidsYou promised that through nine autumns you would share your clothes with me.
- Ballad of Chang'an in the WestBurned incense fades day by day; a sunken ring sinks deeper with each day.
- Matching a Poem by Lady BanThat husband was not good, but this wife too was far too unbending.
- Five Love PoemsIn joy one regrets that the night is short; in sorrow one resents that the night is long.
- Two Miscellaneous Poems · The Spring Palace and the Empty HouseThe prince roams and does not return; the long road stretches far and remote.
- Two Poems Turning My Thoughts HomewardDo not say rare meetings mean estrangement: at a distance our bond grows ever firmer.
- Song of Wang ZhaojunOnce I was jade in a casket; now I am a flower on a dung heap.
- Imitating 'A High Tower in the Northwest'I do not mind the long wait standing here; I only wish the singer joy.
- Imitating 'The East City Wall Stands High'One verse, and ten thousand men rejoice; a second, and the dust flies from the beams.
- Imitating 'Orchids Grow in the Spring Sun'It holds its heart, true to the seasons' trust, and in the year's cold dares not wither.
- Imitating 'Far, Far the Herd Boy Star'She resents that river without a bridge, and grieves that the year is at its end.
- Imitating 'Green, Green the Riverbank Grass'Into the empty room a sad wind comes; at midnight she rises and sighs.
- Imitating 'In the Courtyard a Rare Tree'The fragrant grass has long since grown lush, yet my fair one never returned.
- Imitating 'Crossing the River to Pick Lotus'I pick and pick but do not fill my hands; far, far away I think of the one I love.
- Written for Gu Yanxian, to His WifeThe capital at Luo has much wind and dust; my white robe has turned to black.
- Written for Lady Zhou, to Her Husband the Cavalry GeneralMen have far-reaching ambitions; how would you know how I think of you?
- A Song of Beauties on a Spring OutingKeeping to the music, swift as a startled swan; treading the beat like alighting phoenixes.
- Former Song in Slow MeasureTairong sweeps the high strings; Hongya lifts a clear song.
- Song by the Pond: The River LovageMen's pleasure: the clever topple the foolish; women's love: the faded give way to the fair.
- Written for Gu Yanxian: An Exchange with His WifeWith what shall I bind my inmost faith? I look up and point to the Pole Star.
- Miscellaneous Poem: A Cool Wind on an Autumn NightGreen moss clings to the empty walls; spiders web all four sides of the room.
- Poems of Joined JoyOur love at its height could cut metal and stone; glue and lacquer are not so firm.
- Teasing a FriendI hope you will deign to come on your jade feet; one visit is worth a thousand in gold.
- Hearing Clothes Pounded at NightSlender hands fold the light white silk; clear pestles strike the ringing block.
- Imitating "On and On, Going On and On"I gather my robe and the sash hangs loose; I feel my body and it no longer fills the lapels.
- Imitating "How Bright the Moon"Its shining has light to spare, but grasp at it and it does not fill the hand.
Rhapsodies
5 worksGrand rhapsodies and parallel prose showcasing acoustic symmetry and ornate eloquence.
- Return Home
Past mistakes cannot be undone, yet the future can be pursued. My wrong path went not far: today's choice is right, yesterday's was false.
- Rhapsody on Autumn InspirationIn the fourteenth year of Jin I was thirty-two years old and first saw grey in my hair.
- Rhapsody on Roaming Mount TiantaiRed Wall Mountain rises in rosy clouds as a marker, and the waterfall flies down to divide the way.
- Inscription for Jiange PassOne man holding a halberd, and ten thousand falter.
- Rhapsody on the Sheng Mouth OrganIf in life one cannot enjoy oneself, what use is an empty name in death?
- Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Gathering
Looking up to gaze upon the vastness of the universe, looking down to survey the richness of all living things, allowing the eyes to wander and the heart to roam.
- The Peach Blossom Spring
Suddenly he came upon a peach blossom grove, hundreds of paces on both banks; fragrant grasses fresh and lush, blossoms drifting in profusion.
- Memorial Expressing My Feelings
Without my grandmother I would not have lived to this day; without me my grandmother cannot live out her remaining years.
- Records of the Three KingdomsHe may truly be called an extraordinary man, a hero surpassing his age.
- Biography of Master Five WillowsHe loved reading but did not seek exhaustive explanations; whenever something struck a chord, he was so delighted he forgot to eat.
- Memorial Declining the Rank of Kaifuif one's virtue is not yet acknowledged by all and one accepts high rank, able ministers will not come forward; if one's merit is not yet credited by all and one takes a rich salary, toiling ministers will not be encouraged.
- Collected Explanations of the Spring and Autumn Classic and the Zuo CommentaryJoining the years of the classic to the years of the commentary, grouping them by meaning, and explaining each in turn.
- Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Poems of the Third Day of the Third Month (Later Preface)The ancients compared nature to water: how apt! Is it not that kept still it is clear, stirred up it is muddy?
- Explanation of the Rules of the Spring and AutumnWhoever holds a state or a house must carefully distinguish the principal heir from secondary sons, so as to make clear the legitimate line.
- Illustrating the WayZhou and Kong are the Buddha, and the Buddha is Zhou and Kong; it is only that one is named outer and the other inner.
- Records of the Lands South of Mount HuaFlood and drought obey men, and famine is unknown; there are no lean years, and the world calls it the Storehouse of Heaven.
- Records of Local CustomsZhou Chu's Western Jin notes on the customs of his home region.
- Ullambana SutraTo save his mother among hungry ghosts, Maudgalyayana is told to feed the sangha on the fifteenth of the seventh month.
Criticism
1 worksClassical literary aesthetics, treatises on poetic craft, and critical commentaries.
Sayings
96 worksLiving Chinese linguistic heritage comprising idioms, proverbs, aphorisms, and couplets.
- Too Happy to Miss ShuThe captive Shu ruler Liu Shan said he was too content to miss home; so happy one forgets one's roots.
- Boring Through the Wall to Borrow LightToo poor for candles, Kuang Heng bored a hole to read by his neighbor's lamp; studying hard despite poverty.
- The Peach Blossom Land Beyond the WorldFrom Tao Yuanming's hidden Peach Blossom Spring; an idyllic retreat untouched by the troubles of the world.
- Beyond Thought and WordsOriginally Buddhist: beyond conception or description; now, unimaginable or incomprehensible.
- Not Seeking Thorough UnderstandingOriginally reading for the gist without pedantry; now, studying superficially without seeking deep understanding.
- From Ancient Times to the PresentThroughout all ages, from antiquity until now.
- Like a Fish Finding WaterLike a fish in water; finding a congenial person or an ideal environment.
- Never Letting the Book Leave One's HandAlways with a book in hand; diligent and devoted to study.
- Flourishing Toward ProsperityPlants thriving; a cause flourishing and prospering.
- The One and Only WayOriginally a Buddhist term for the gate of non-duality; now the one and only way.
- At a Loss What to DoNot knowing what to do; at a complete loss.
- Not Sure of Surviving Till EveningUnsure in the morning of lasting till evening; in dire, precarious straits.
- Seeing Someone in a New LightViewing someone with fresh eyes after they have markedly improved.
- Letting the Tiger Return to the MountainsLetting a tiger back into the hills; releasing an enemy and inviting future trouble.
- Drawing Cakes to Allay HungerDrawing a cake to satisfy hunger; empty names without substance, or consoling oneself with fantasy.
- The Blind Men and the ElephantBlind men each touching part of an elephant; judging the whole from a partial view.
- Asking the Tiger for Its SkinAsking a tiger for its hide; negotiating with someone to give up their vital interests is futile.
- Looking with New EyesLü Meng said: "When a scholar has been away for three days, you should look at him with fresh eyes.
- Lofty Mountains and Steep RidgesHere are lofty mountains and steep ridges, lush woods and tall bamboo;
- Free Beyond the Bounds of FormOthers, entrusting their feelings to what they cherish, let themselves roam free beyond the bounds of bodily form.
- Fallen Petals Swirling DownSuddenly he came upon a peach grove lining both banks for several hundred paces, with no other trees among it; the fragrant grass was fresh and lovely, and fallen petals swirled down in profusion.
- Suddenly Opening UpAfter a few dozen more paces, it suddenly opened up into a broad, bright space.
- The Old Ah Meng of WuLu Su patted Lü Meng on the back and said: 'I thought my younger brother had only military skill; but now your learning is broad and brilliant, and you are no longer the Ah Meng of Wu.'
- Contented and HappyThe white-haired elders and the children with hair hanging loose all lived at ease and content.
- A Gentle, Pleasant BreezeOn this day, the sky was clear and the air fresh, and a gentle breeze blew mild and pleasant.
- Clear Sky and Fresh AirOn this day, the sky was clear and the air fresh, and a gentle breeze blew mild and pleasant.
- Hearing the Neighbors' Hens and DogsField paths crossed one another, and hens and dogs could be heard from farm to farm.
- Yellowed Hair and Hanging LocksThe yellow-haired elders and the children with hanging locks were all at ease and content.
- Seven Captures and Seven Releases of Meng HuoZhuge Liang laughed and released him to fight again; seven times released and seven times captured, and still Zhuge Liang would send Meng Huo back.
- Indifferent to Glory and GainQuiet and calm, sparing of words, he did not covet glory or profit.
- Rejoicing in Heaven's Decree Without DoubtLet me ride the flow of change to the end, rejoicing in heaven's decree; what is there to doubt?
- Seeing Today Right and Yesterday WrongI truly went astray, but not too far; now I see that today is right and yesterday was wrong.
- Young and Old Gathered at the Orchid PavilionAll the worthies have arrived; young and old are gathered together.
- Homeward Bound, Let Me ReturnLet me go home! My fields and garden are turning to weeds; why should I not return?
- Feelings Shift as Circumstances ChangeWhen they tire of what they pursued, their feelings shift as circumstances change, and deep emotion follows.
- Nobody Asks the Way to the FordAfter that, no one asked the way to the ford.
- Joyfully Forgetting Meals over a Good BookHe loved reading but did not fuss over every detail; whenever he grasped the meaning, he was so delighted that he forgot to eat.
- Clear Streams and Rushing Rapids at the Orchid PavilionThere were also clear streams and rushing rapids, shining and winding on either side.
- Letting the Eyes Roam and the Heart Gallop FreeLooking up at the vastness of the universe and down at the abundance of living things, we let our eyes roam and our hearts run free, enough to enjoy every delight of sight and sound; truly it was a joy.
- Four Bare Walls of Master Five WillowsNothing but bare walls all around, keeping out neither wind nor sun.
- Rice Basket and Water Gourd Often EmptyHis coarse short coat was torn and patched, his rice basket and water gourd often empty, yet he was at ease.
- All the Worthies Gathered at the Orchid PavilionAll the worthies have come; the young and the old are gathered here.
- Lush Woods and Tall Bamboo at the Orchid PavilionHere are lofty mountains and steep ridges, dense woods and tall bamboo, and clear rushing streams that shine on either side.
- Mistakenly Caught in the Dusty NetBy mistake I fell into the dusty net, and was gone for thirty years.
- Returning to the Uncarved JadeLong kept in a cage, I have returned to nature again.
- Picking Chrysanthemums by the Eastern HedgePicking chrysanthemums by the eastern hedge, at ease I catch sight of the southern hills.
- Returned to Nature at LastLong kept within a cage, I have returned at last to nature.
- Unhurried, I Catch Sight of the Southern HillsPicking chrysanthemums beneath the eastern fence, unhurried, I catch sight of the southern hills.
- Knowing the Days to Come Can Still Be Set RightI see that the past cannot be mended, and know that the future can still be pursued.
- Essays Flow from the BrushWhen I speak I make arguments, and when I write I produce essays. Just test me face to face; why would I hire someone?
- Careless of the Small ProprietiesLooking at men of letters past and present, most were careless of the small proprieties and few could stand on their name and integrity.
- Living on Another's BreathYuan Shao is a lone guest with a hungry army who lives on our breath, like a baby in the palm of a hand: cut off his milk and he will starve at once.
- Hold Sincerely to the Middle WayThe succession ordained by Heaven rests on you; hold sincerely to the middle, or Heaven's blessings will end for ever.
- Rearing a Tiger Only to Invite DisasterI said to Lord Cao: 'Handling the general is like keeping a tiger; you must feed it its fill of meat, or it will bite.'
- Dry Bones in the Grave: Kong Rong on Yuan ShuIs Yuan Gonglu a man who cares for the state and forgets his own house? He is dry bones in a tomb; why give him a thought?
- Passing from Being into NonbeingRacing through divine transformations, suddenly I pass out of being into nonbeing.
- Scraping the Bone to Draw Out the PoisonThe arrowhead was poisoned, and the poison has entered the bone. The arm must be opened and the poison scraped from the bone; only then will the trouble be gone.
- Power That Overshadowed the RealmFrom Yuan An onward, four generations held the rank of the Three Excellencies, and so their power overshadowed the realm.
- Tracing Things from Origin to OutcomeIts style is leisurely and its meaning far-reaching, so that students may trace things from origin to outcome, follow the branches and leaves and pursue them to the end.
- The Young Deserve Our RespectConfucius said the young are to be held in awe; with a man like this one can discuss the boundary between Heaven and humanity!
- Harmonious Without Mere ConformityLu Zhi, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, keeps himself pure and has few desires; he is harmonious without mere conformity.
- Collapsing Like Earth, Shattering Like Tiles at YilingLu Xun urged his armies to close in from all sides; the enemy collapsed like earth and shattered like tiles.
- Arms Reaching Below the Knees: Liu Bei's Remarkable LooksHe was seven chi five cun tall; his hands hung below his knees, and turning his head he could see his own ears.
- A Brave Man Cuts Off His Bitten HandIt is like a viper biting the foot: cut it off to save the body.
- The Summer Insect Doubts There Is IceI laugh at the summer insect that doubts the ice, and preen my light wings, longing to soar.
- Song Dingbo Sells a GhostDingbo sold a ghost and got fifteen hundred coins.
- The Swordsmith Couple Gan Jiang and Mo YeGan Jiang and Mo Ye of Chu made swords for the King of Chu; it took three years, and the angry king wished to kill him.
- Opening the Gate to Bow In the RobbersThat is like opening the gate and bowing in the robbers, and cannot be called humane.
- Bearing Humiliation to Shoulder a Heavy ChargeThe state has asked you to defer to me because I have some small merit: I can bear humiliation and carry a heavy charge.
- The Crime of Holding a Jade DiscThe common man commits no crime; holding a jade disc is his crime.
- Tranquil and Free of CravingOnly Weichang held both refinement and substance; tranquil and free of craving, with the aspiration of Mount Ji, he was a true gentleman.
- Every Stroke of the Blade Finds Empty SpaceEvery stroke of the blade finds empty space, and the eye no longer sees the ox whole.
- Bowing Low to Win Over Worthy MenShao had an imposing presence and could humble himself before scholars, so many joined him.
- Taking Up the Brush and Finishing on the SpotZhi took up his brush and finished at once, and it was well worth reading; Taizu was greatly impressed.
- Changing the Strings and Retuning the ZitherHe could not promote men of talent or change the strings and retune; though he meant well and loved learning, what good was that against disorder?
- Attack Needs Double the Strength of DefenceSince the attacker needs twice the strength of the defender, he will not dare stay long.
- Times Shift and the World ChangesNow, as times shift and the world changes, things become thin or thick.
- Struck With Fear at the First Sign of the EnemyThose in council were all struck with fear at the first sign of the enemy, and many urged Sun Quan to welcome Cao Cao.
- Not Knowing at Dawn What the Evening Will BringSo every official lived in dread, getting through each day as it came, unable at dawn to plan for the evening.
- Doubts Melting Like Ice: Du Yu on Reading the Zuo CommentaryLike the soaking of rivers and seas and the moistening of rich rain, doubts melt like ice and reason flows with ease; only then has one truly understood.
- A Wolf Cub's Wild Heart: Cao Cao on Lü BuLü Bu has a wolf cub's wild heart and truly cannot be kept long.
- No Longer Seeing the Whole Ox: Sun Chuo on Mount TiantaiWherever I drive the blade there is empty space; I no longer see the whole ox.
- Arrows Pour Like Rain at GuanduYuan Shao shot into the camp, arrows poured down like rain, all who walked held shields over their heads, and the men were terrified.
- The Recluse's Resolve of Mount Ji: Cao Pi on Xu GanWeichang alone combined grace with substance, was content and free of craving, and had the resolve of Mount Ji; he may be called a true gentleman.
- As Perilous as Stacked Eggs: Chen Gui Warns Lü BuIf you now marry into Yuan Shu's house, you will bear a name for treachery throughout the realm and will surely face danger like a stack of eggs.
- Peerless Above the Crowd: Zhuge Liang Praises the Bearded Guan YuHe may race neck and neck with Yide, but he does not yet reach the Beard, who is peerless and above the crowd.
- An Infant in the Palm of Our Hand: Han Fu's Officers on Yuan ShaoLike an infant in the palm of our hand: cut off its milk and it will starve at once.
- Talking and Laughing as Usual: Guan Yu Has His Bone ScrapedBlood streamed from his arm and filled the dishes, yet he carved the roast and drank his wine, talking and laughing as usual.
- Words Beyond His Real Worth: Liu Bei's Warning About Ma SuMa Su's words exceed his real worth; he cannot be given great responsibility. Do watch him carefully!
- Jackals and Wolves Fill the Roads: Zhang Zhao Rouses Sun QuanNow that villains vie with one another and jackals and wolves fill the roads, you wish to mourn your kin and attend to the rites; that is like opening the gate and bowing to robbers.
- An Edge That None Can WithstandGongsun leads the soldiers of Yan and Dai, and their edge cannot be withstood.
- Showing Neither Joy Nor Anger on One's FaceHe spoke little, was modest toward others, and his joy and anger did not show on his face.
- Punish the Wicked and Encourage the GoodThe fifth is to punish evil and encourage good: those who sought fame and lost it, and those who tried to hide and were exposed.
- All Things Gathered at the Tip of the BrushHe encloses heaven and earth within form and brings all things under control at the tip of his brush.
- Enclosing Heaven and Earth Within Form: Lu Ji's Rhapsody on WritingHe encloses heaven and earth within the form, and presses all things beneath the tip of his brush.
- White Brows Is the Best of the Five Ma BrothersThe villagers made a saying about them: of the five Changs of the Ma family, White Brows is the best.