Spatial Framework & Civilizational Geography · County-level

Ling Bao City

Where philosopher Laozi authored the Daodejing before departing to the west, Hangu Pass 4A in Lingbao overlooks orchards of sweet apples.

Regional story

A place shaped through time

Where philosopher Laozi authored the Daodejing before departing to the west, Hangu Pass 4A in Lingbao overlooks orchards of sweet apples.

Ling Bao City

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Famed as Qin's impregnable eastern gate, Hangu Pass is traditionally where Laozi composed the five-thousand-character Tao Te Ching.

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Records of the Grand Historian: Biographies of Laozi and Han FeiProseSima Qian
Today I have seen Laozi: is he not like a dragon!
Records of the Grand Historian: Biography of Su QinProseSima Qian
This is the same person; when he is rich and noble his kin fear him, when he is poor and lowly they despise him; how much more so other people!
Records of the Grand Historian: Biographies of Fan Ju and Cai ZeProseSima Qian
How does Qin have a king? Qin has only the Queen Dowager and the Marquis of Rang!