The crescent-shaped inland frontier arc woven from gobi, desert, and grassland — the high-intensity clash of farming and nomadism along the 400mm isohyet, the Silk Road and the Nine Border Garrisons as a geopolitical friction belt.

Hexi Corridor

AE65

The narrow oasis belt pinched between the Qilian Mountains and the desert — the golden passage of the Silk Road, Chinese civilization's sole overland corridor into the heart of Eurasia.

Hulunbuir

AE66

China's finest natural grassland — an endless green ocean that supplied the nomadic cavalry beyond the Great Wall with an unceasing stream of warhorses and livestock.

Ordos

AE67

The semi-arid plateau enclosed by the Yellow River's great horseshoe bend — a suspended sword over Guanzhong and the Central Plains, the drill ground where farmers and herders clashed across history.

Turpan

AE68

China's lowest point and hottest place — extreme aridity and solar radiation producing the sweetest melons and the Karez underground canal experimental field.

Ili River Valley

AE69

Where the Tianshan tears open a gap to capture Atlantic westerly moisture — a miraculous 'Jiangnan beyond the frontier' flourishing in the heart of the continent's extreme arid zone.

Junggar Basin

AE70

A semi-enclosed basin pinched between the Altai and Tianshan ranges — with lush pastures and a strategic position, the core base of successive nomadic empires.

Irtysh Valley

AE71

China's only river flowing north into the Arctic Ocean — cutting a green corridor through the extreme arid interior, concealing the gold and boreal forests of the Altai Mountains.

Altun Mountains

AE72

The hyper-enclosed uninhabited zone at the junction of the Kunlun and Qilian ranges — extreme altitudinal isolation creating a forbidden zone of life and the ultimate backup vault for Tibetan antelope and wild yak.

Qilian Mountains

AE73

A high-altitude glacier belt straddling the south side of the Hexi Corridor — its endless frozen reservoir drip-irrigating the entire lifeline of the Silk Road.

Greater Khingan Range

AE74

The steep ecological fault where taiga forest transitions abruptly to arid Mongolian steppe — the evolutionary cradle from which northern nomadic, hunting, and fishing peoples emerged from the forest onto the grassland to begin their conquest of the Central Plains.

Juyan Lake

AE75

A terminal oasis where the Heihe River dies into the Badain Jaran Desert — the Han dynasty's extreme northern outpost, where military wooden slips were unearthed, a forward server of the Qin-Han empire in the Gobi.

Ulanbutong

AE76

The grand grassland battlefield where the Kangxi Emperor personally led his army to crush the Zunghar threat — a rolling meadow arena that decided the final shape of the empire's northern frontier.

Xilingol Steppe

AE77

The quintessential temperate steppe of the Inner Mongolian Plateau core — the central stage and geopolitical buffer zone of nomadic courts through Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties.

Zanda

AE78

The site of the ancient Guge Kingdom — a colossal forest of yardang earth pillars carved by water erosion, a giant maze of clay geometries secretly hiding a vanished kingdom in extreme desolation.

Bayinbuluke

AE79

Alpine wetlands deep in the Tianshan, formed by the nine bends and eighteen meanders of the Kaidu River — the swans' homeland and the nomadic high-altitude liquid pasture.

Lop Nur

AE80

The burial ground of the Loulan Kingdom — a once-vast lake desiccated entirely into a giant ear-shaped salt crust, sealing and encrypting a thousand years of Silk Road exploration memory.