Benevolence Zhou dynasty to present The Confucian virtue of loving others, from Confucius answering Fan Chi on ren to Zhu Xi making ren head of the Five Constants. Righteousness Zhou dynasty to present The Confucian moral rule that puts righteousness above profit, even above life. Rituals Zhou dynasty to present Ritual rules: the Duke of Zhou's rites by tradition, Confucius on ritual as righteousness in practice, and the Han Book of Rites. Wisdom Zhou dynasty to present Thinking that adapts and conduct that stays upright, from Confucius on wisdom to the Huainanzi's "wisdom round, conduct square". Trust Zhou dynasty to present The rule of keeping one's word, verifiably, in personal conduct and social life. Filial Piety Zhou dynasty to present Mutual care between old and young: Western Zhou filial offerings, the Classic of Filial Piety, and Han selection for filial piety. Loyalty Zhou dynasty to present Loyalty from Confucius's "serve the ruler with loyalty" to Lu You's "though lowly, I never forget my worry for the country". Marriage Zhou dynasty to present The ethics of husband and wife: the Book of Songs' "I hold your hand", Zhuangzi's stranded fish and the six wedding rites. Kinship Zhou dynasty to present Ties among brothers, sisters and clan: the ode Changdi on brothers, and Fan Zhongyan's charitable estate for his kin. Reciprocity Zhou dynasty to present Give and take among friends and neighbours: "ritual values reciprocity" and the Buddhist yinyuan that grew into yuanfen.