Wazi and goulan are the fixed commercial performance venues of a city. Here performing arts took clear shape as a fixed performance space, ticketed management and a competitive market.
In the years of Renzong and Shenzong of the Northern Song, wazi and goulan appeared in Bianjing and became fixed commercial performance venues. Meng Yuanlao's Dreams of Splendor of the Eastern Capital, written in retrospect, records more than fifty goulan large and small in Bianjing, at the Sangjia, Middle and Inner wazi and other places.
In the Yuan, the goulan of Dadu and other cities staged zaju, and the works of the famous Yuan dramatists were mostly performed in the goulan.
Theaters is the class in the chapter on Performance on the fixed commercial performance venues of Song and Yuan cities. Wazi and goulan appeared in Northern Song Bianjing, and performance acquired a fixed place, ticketed management and a market in which performers competed.
