Kinship concerns the ethical order among brothers and sisters and within the clan. Those of one flesh and blood feel deeply for one another, and old and young respect each other, so that friction in the family is less and warmth is kept.
The Western Zhou song Changdi in the Book of Songs sings "of all the people of today, none is like a brother", and by then the ethic of brotherly affection was already part of the teaching of the Songs.
In the Northern Song Fan Zhongyan set up the Fan clan charitable estate at Suzhou, supporting clan members with the income of the clan land, and the practice of mutual aid within the clan began from this.
Kinship is the class in the chapter on Values on the ethics among brothers and sisters and within the clan. Feeling between those of one flesh and blood, with respect between old and young, means fewer rifts among kin and more of the warmth of family.
